Wednesday, 14 September 2016

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure Induces Early End-Points of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Matter of Public Health Concern

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which accumulates in the food chain due to their lipophilicity, bioaccumulation and biomagnification properties. Despite the industrial production of PCBs being banned since late 1980s because of their negative impact on the human body and environment, high concentrations of PCBs still can be detected on air, food, water and human samples.

Diabetes Mellitus

Although recent epidemiological studies have reported a body of evidences suggesting that chronic PCB exposure has contributed to a rising risk of metabolic disorders, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the underlying mechanisms involved in the metabolic side-effects of PCB exposure are still not clear.Studies carried on by our group over the last years have revealed important aspects regarding the effects of PCB126 intoxication on metabolic function.The PCB126 is considered the most toxic among PCBs congeners and its biological effects are mediated by binding and activation of the cytoplasmic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), inducing the transcription and expression of AhR target genes.

Recently, our group has reported that long-term intranasal exposure to low doses of PCB126 impaired G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling in circulating leukocytes and impaired innate immunological functions related to the host's defence to infections on rats. Intriguingly, PCB126 exposure resulted in PC126 accumulation on liver and up-regulated AhR expression on liver and visceral adipose tissue, which are tissues that are important for regulating the glucose and lipid metabolism.

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