Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multisystem disease with
both biochemical and anatomic/structural consequences. It is a chronic disease
of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by the lack of insulin,
which results from the marked and progressive inability of the pancreas to
secrete insulin because of autoimmune destruction of the beta cells.
Mg2+ is essential for life being involved in numerous
enzymatic reactions, including ATP use, cell membrane, ion channels and
mitochondrial function, as well as protein synthesis. The most clinically significant
consequences of hypomagnesemia are ascribed to alterations in the function of
excitable membranes in nerve, muscle, and the cardiac conducting system.
Moreover, low serum Mg2+ levels can secondarily induce
hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypophosphatemia, potentially causing further
derangements in neuromuscular and cardiovascular physiology.
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