Despite recent advances in treatment options for type 2
diabetes (T2DM), the prevalence of T2DM continues to increase throughout the
world. A healthy lifestyle is a key factor in both treatment and prevention of
T2DM. A healthy lifestyle cannot be established without self-management ability.
T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance and beta cell
dysfunction, which
result in insufficient insulin action, leading to chronic hyperglycemia.
However, since obesity is a major risk factor for T2DM, and hyperinsulinemia is
also observed in individuals with T2DM, insulin resistance is often emphasized
as a characteristic of T2DM. In contrast, since insulin resistance is
considered to be accompanied by hyperinsulinemia, beta cell dysfunction is
often ignored in these subjects.
However, recent studies showed that beta cell dysfunction,
but not insulin resistance, is critical for the development of T2DM. Even in
the obese subjects with T2DM, beta cell function and mass are reduced. These
data suggest that beta cell dysfunction is the common pathogenetic feature of
both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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