Ethnic Differences in the Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome or its Components in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are known to be at increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Other cardiovascular risk factors that integrate the metabolic syndrome also seem to be more prevalent in this group of women.

On the other hand, several studies have shown that there is an ethnic effect on disease risk. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors vary greatly in populations of different ethnicity.

Therefore, we have reviewed the available evidence on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome components in women with previous GDM along with the differential characteristics of each ethnic group.

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Stratification of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk in Obese non-Diabetics and Obese Diabetics

The prevalence of OSA and its consequences are likely to increase in light of the current obesity epidemic. Studies have shown that the prevalence of OSA is significantly higher in the diabetes population. Recent studies have revealed that BMI and diabetes as significant independent predictors of OSA.

Owing to little research in this field and lack of data from Central India, the present study aims at assessing the risk of development of obstructive sleep apnoea in obese and obese diabetic patients.

To find out the prevalence of OSA risk in obese patients with Diabetes mellitus using Berlin Questionnaire, to find out the prevalence of OSA risk in obese non diabetic patients, correlation of OSA risk with Body Mass Index, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c and Blood Pressure.

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Does Long-term Equine Assisted Learning have an Effect on Childhood Weight Management?

In the United States, overweight and obesity have been described as an epidemic. Unfortunately, the current weight management interventions are not able to reverse the continual increase in the weight of the United States citizens.

Appearing unrelated, New York State is the home to more than 200,000 horses, most of them used for pleasure purposes. There is a growing body of knowledge identifying how the horse can have a positive impact on the health and wellness of people.

This prospective cohort pilot study was designed to examine the impact of Equine Assisted Learning (EAL) on long-term weight management during childhood.

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Potential Benefit of Postprandial Exercise for Those with Type 1 Diabetes

Currently, less than one-third of individuals with type 1 diabetes are considered to be in good glycemic control with an A1C <7%, increasing the risk of short- and long-term complications.

Considering the annual cost of type 1 diabetes care to the individual, estimated to be $6,288 per year in a 2010 paper and the increasing price of insulin, effective and realistic low/no cost strategies to improve glycemic control are needed not only to reduce the expense to the individual with type 1 diabetes.

But also to prevent the short and long term complications of poor glycemic control and minimize the negative consequences of high insulin dosages, such as possible weight gain.

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Markers of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

It is generally accepted that beside cholesterol accumulation, chronic inflammation and immune system are very much involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

A genetic variability of the candidate genes implicated in atherosclerosis (i.e. candidate genes of inflammation, oxidative stress, growth factors, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, and so-forth) has so far been demonstrated in several reports to affect the development of atherosclerosis.

Genetic variability in the candidate genes implicated in atherosclerosis may alter their transcriptional activity and contribute to susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. In the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors are involved

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The Benefit of Vitamin D Therapy on Psychological Aspects in Children and Adolescents in Western Saudi Arabia

Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health problem worldwide, including in children of Saudi Arabia. Vitamin D has numerous beneficial skeletal and non-skeletal physiological effects.

Vitamin D is not only essential for bone health, but also promotes proper brain development and functioning. Vitamin D also serves many important functions, such as promoting calcium absorption and reducing inflammation.

To investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and psychological impacts in children and adolescents, and to determine whether vitamin D therapy has beneficial psychological effects in this population.

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Hip Fractures Risk and Postoperative Period in Elderly Diabetic Patients

Hip fractures with the numbers about 1.6 million over the world in 2000 are serious health problem which drastically limits the functionality and increases mortality in geriatric population.

Peritrochanteric and neck hip fractures result from the reduction of mineral bone density or impaired quality, however age related co-morbidities add additional risk related to increased incidence of falls.

The one of the diseases found to increase hip fractures incidence and associated mortality is diabetes which currently affects 415 million adults over the world with increasing prevalence, predicted to 642 million by 2040.

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Hip Fractures Risk and Postoperative Period in Elderly Diabetic Patients

Hip fractures with the numbers about 1.6 million over the world in 2000 are serious health problem which drastically limits the functionality and increases mortality in geriatric population. Peritrochanteric and neck hip fractures result from the reduction of mineral bone density or impaired quality.

 However age related co-morbidities add additional risk related to increased incidence of falls. The one of the diseases found to increase hip fractures incidence and associated mortality is diabetes which currently affects 415 million adults over the world with increasing prevalence, predicted to 642 million by 2040.

Type 1 diabetes contributes to fragility by unfavorable changes in bone metabolism. Although type 2 diabetes effects on bone may be paradoxically opposed, it still increases risk of falls and hip fractures.

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Advanced Granulosa Cell Tumor and Pregnancy: A Case Report, How to Treat and How to Preserve Fertility?

Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are rare ovarian malignancy developed on stromal ovarian cells and characterized by estrogen secretion.

Histologically, there are divided on two types: adult granulosa tumors, which are more frequent and occurring in perimenopausal and post-menopausal women and juvenile granulosa tumors, which are rarer and occurring in teenager and adolescent girls.

The association between GCT and pregnancy is a rare condition with therapeutic challenge consisting on the pregnancy and the fertility outcome in a hand and the oncological results in the other.

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Hypertriglyceridemia Masking Hyperglycemia

A 42 year old female diabetic poorly compliant to therapy presented with left facial pain and classic osmotic symptoms of hyperglycemia. Clinical findings revealed dehydration and the features of a lower motor neuron lesion of the left facial nerve. 

Blood glucose measured by bedside glucose reflectance device ( TRUEresult®) was 460 mg/dlcompared with a value of 1280 mg/dl obtained on an identically timed specimen but measured by spectrophotometry. Plasma was noted to be markedly lipemic and plasma triglyceride level was 9460 mg/dl. Glycemic control was achieved over several days with intensive insulin therapy. As plasma became less lipemic, the disparity between bedside and laboratory-derived values diminished steadily, eventually becoming identical.  Read More>>>>>>>

Effects of Autogenic Training on Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate Recovery in Japanese Obese/Overweight Male Workers

Obesity-induced autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is related to cardiac disease. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of autogenic training (AT), a therapeutic relaxation technique, on cardiac ANS functions as evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate recovery (HRR) in Japanese obese/overweight subjects.

Subjects were 40 obese/overweight male workers (42.7 ± 8.8 years old, BMI 28.8 ± 3.3 kg/m2). The subjects were randomly assigned to an AT intervention group and a control group.

Subjects of the intervention group were required to perform the AT training procedures (first-third steps) for three months, while the control group participants were waiting. Before and after intervention, HRV was calculated using a 24 hr Holter ECG, and HRR was assessed by a treadmill test.

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In Vivo Antidiabetic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Azardirachta indica, A. juss in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice

There is growing interest in the potential of plant remedies to treat and manage many diseases owing to the adverse side effects, unavailability and unaffordability associated with the conventional therapy.

Among the traditional plants that has been prescribed for clinical use for many ailments including diabetes mellitus is Azardirachta indica. Their continued use is largely based on their long-term therapeutic effects although this has not been authenticated scientifically.

This study therefore, aims to evaluate the in vivo hypoglycemic effect of aqueous leaf extracts of A. indica in alloxan-induced white male albino mice.

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Association of Vitiligo with Other Autoimmune Disorders

Hundred cases of vitiligo of all ages and both genders were included in the study. Diagnosis of Vitiligo was done by clinical examination and was confirmed by Wood's lamp examination.

Skin biopsy was carried out for standard pathologic examination to help confirm the diagnosis in two cases. The presence of vitiligo in parents and siblings was probed and was recorded.

History was taken and physical examination was done to see any evidence of presence of following six autoimmune disorders, alopecia areata, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders (both hyper and hypothyroidism), Addison disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and Rheumatoid arthritis.

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Body Weight Reduction and QTc Interval in Obesity

Obesity is associated with wide variety of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities. Prolonged QTc interval is common in obesity and it represents a delayed ventricular repolarisation which is associated with ventricular arrhythmias, syncope and sudden cardiac death.

The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of weight reduction on QTc interval in obese subjects. The study included 74 obese subjects aged 41.78 ± 10.70 years, treated with a lowcalorie diet (800 kcal/day) for two weeks.

All patients underwent a standard resting 12-lead surface ECG before and after the treatment. QTc intervals were corrected by Bazett’s formula. Results: The average loss in body weight was 10.26 ± 3.63%, and the average reduction in body mass index was 9.39 ± 4.23%.

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Can we Introduce an Effective Lifestyle Modification Intervention among Children at Risk of Overweight and Obesity in the Conditions of Family Practice?

Diet and physical activity are crucial in management of pediatric overweight and obesity, however family involvement has not been adequately studied in primary care.

Assessment of the effectiveness of lifestyle modification intervention among overweight and obese children, addressing parental adherence.

During the period of the study (from October 2013 until June 2014) 588 children have visited the family practice involved in the study because of many different reasons. Each child of this group of 588 children was screened for the risk of abdominal obesity.

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Conducting Physical Activity Intervention Afterward School Times: A Meta-analysis

Students’ mainstream doesn’t be involved in enough amounts of day by day, health-maximizing bodily exercise. One particular system to raise exercise is only about to endorse this inside the immediately after hours of school.

A meta-analysis was carried out briefing the conducted study at this point concerning success of right subsequent school hour’s activity for raising bodily exercise.

Procurement of Evidence: Article reviews, journals and database content have been searched for this review paper.

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A Decision Support System for Diabetes Mellitus Management

Diabetes mellitus is considered as a dangerous chronic disease. Diagnosis is the first step in its management. Clinical decision support system (CDSS) for diabetes diagnosis improves its detection and decreases the opportunity for its complications.

However, its diagnosis is a theory-less problem. Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a problem-solving paradigm that uses past experiences to solve new problems.

Integration of CBR and formal ontologies enhances the intelligence of this paradigm. Utilizing patients’ electronic health records (EHRs) for building case-base knowledge solves the problem of knowledge acquisition bottleneck.

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Break the Resistance to Fuel Metabolism: A Long Journey with Bright Future

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by systemic insulin resistance that impairs the ability of insulin to regulate fuel (such as glucose and fat) metabolism.

This syndrome has become a global epidemic problem with estimates of prevalence ranging from 20 to 40% in different populations and has been recognized as a powerful risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Thus, effectively fighting this disastrous health problem is a matter of utmost urgency.

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Cancer of the Pancreas (CaP) New Thoughts, New Approaches for the New Year

CaP is the 12th most common malignancy, but the most lethal. When diagnosed it is a systemic disease, as micro metastasis have disseminated long before tumor detection.

Despite public awareness and campaigns to promote early detection the 5 year survival has improved little since the 1970’s, a period before body imaging, advanced endoscopy or multi drug systemic therapy was available.

 In England and Wales between 1971- 1975 the relative 1 year survival for CaP was 6% which increased to 17.4% between 2005-2009, while during the same time the relative 5 year survival was 2% and 3.6%.

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Rare Case of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland

Thyroid cancers (CA) account for about 0.4% of all CA deaths. It is thus very important to be able to determine the type of CA in view of the differing prognosis and possibility of the CA being a secondary from other glands like the Salivary gland.

Mucoepidermoid CA is an extremely rare form of Thyroid CA and not much is known about its origin, disease course and treatment. While some think it originates from the Salivary gland, others believe it comes from Ultimobrachial body cell nests. It seems to be slow growing but it also has some metastatic properties.

Generally, total thyroidectomy has been suggested as treatment due to lack of adequate information about the disease. The authors want to present a rare finding of Mucoepidermoid CA in a Thyroid lump.

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The Management of Abortions at the Maternity Regional Hospital of Saint Louis from 2013 to 2015

The objectives were to determine the prevalence of abortions at CHR Saint Louis and define the epidemiological profile of patients.

This was a cross sectional study descrriptive of abortion cases registered in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Service Hospital Saint Louis. Study ran from 1 January 2013 to 28 February 2015, or 26 months.

We included all patients carrying a pregnancy of less than 22 weeks and who has an abortion. The variables studied were the socio-demographic characteristics, age of pregnancy, care mode, complications, and counceling chosen contraceptive method.

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Systemic Inflammatory Response and Fat Necrosis of Perineal Soft Tissues: A Rare Complication of Bladder-Drained Transplanted Pancreas Leak

Pancreatic transplant is increasingly being performed for management of diabetes. There are known complications, specifically related to exocrine drainage of the pancreas, with enteric versus bladder drainage being options.

Here we present a unique complication of leakage of the pancreaticocystostomy, likely secondary to severe urethritis and obliteration of the urethra.

Accumulation of pancreatic enzymes in the subcutaneous tissues led to fat necrosis of the scrotum and groin with severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

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Effect of Thylakoid Supplementation on Activities of Glucose Metabolizing Enzymes in Rats

Thylakoids are the photosynthetic sites present in the green plant cell which acts as appetite suppressant resulting in loss of body weight and enhancing satiety in animals and humans.

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of thylakoids on body weight gain and enzymatic activity of certain enzymes of glucose metabolism.

Thylakoids from spinach leaves were isolated and freeze dried. Supplementation of spinach thylakoids to Sprague dawley male rats (n=6) at an oral dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight for 4 days was carried out.

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Nutritional and Environmental Influences on Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by pervasive deficits in social interaction, impairment in verbal and non-verbal communication, and stereotypical patterns of interests and activities.

ASD can be extremely costly to society at large and the individuals and families involved, constituting one of the most perplexing challenges in child development and education.

The prevalence of children with ASD continues to increase all over the world. Current estimates in the US are one child in 45 has a diagnosis of ASD. ASD has a multifactorial etiology involving interactions between genes, environment, and diet. ASD is almost five times more common among boys than girls

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A Decision Support System for Diabetes Mellitus Management

Diabetes mellitus is considered as a dangerous chronic disease. Diagnosis is the first step in its management.

Clinical decision support system (CDSS) for diabetes diagnosis improves its detection and decreases the opportunity for its complications. However, its diagnosis is a theory-less problem.

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a problem-solving paradigm that uses past experiences to solve new problems. Integration of CBR and formal ontologies enhances the intelligence of this paradigm.

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Thyroid Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma Eight Years after Total Nephrectomy

Metastases to the thyroid gland are rare in clinical practice. 12 to 34% of secondary thyroid tumors originate from renal carcinoma. We report a case of late thyroid metastasis, eight year after a nephrectomy for clear cell renal carcinoma.

Case: A 70-years-old Caucasian patient followed for a multi-nodular goiter with a history of renal carcinoma, underwent a thyroidectomy. A histological examination revealed clear cell renal carcinoma metastasis to the thyroid.

Conclusion: Metastases to the thyroid gland are usually asymptomatic. The diagnosis of secondary malignant thyroid tumor should be taken into account if there is history of neoplasia, renal in particular, even years after the surgery of the primary tumor.

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Lipoprotein (a) Status and Effect of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy on it in Bangladeshi Patients with Cholelithiasis

Although it was reported that cholecystectomy had complex impact on lipid profile in cholelithiasis, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] was not studied.

The present study was therefore conducted on serum Lp(a) status in Bangladeshi patients with cholelithiasis and effect of cholecystectomy on it.

Adult patients (n=44) with cholelithiasis and 30 normal controls (NC) were included in the study.

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Isolated Clavicular Metastasis in a Patient with Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

Endometrial adenocarcinoma metastasizing to bones is rare, and isolated metastasis to clavicle is even more uncommon.

We report a case of a 60-year-old woman diagnosed with endometrial adenocarcinoma found to have isolated metastasis to the clavicle during adjuvant radiotherapy. Following radiation therapy to the clavicle, patient was started on injection zoledronic acid.

She was then planned for chemotherapy comprising of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin for six cycles.

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Progesterone and Melanoma Cells: An Old Story Suspended between Life and Death

Melanoma is a widespread cancer with poor prognosis. Female hormones are known to be capable of influencing melanoma progression but clinical data related to pregnancy, oral contraception and hormone replacement therapy are controversial.

A few reports show that in vitro progesterone (PG) affects melanoma growth in nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR)-positive and nPR-negative cells, but the experimental protocols used are quite different and the results are not univocal. Further research on this topic is thus needed especially in view of the widespread use of PG in clinical practice.

In this study, we used human melanoma cells (A-375), which were cultured in vitro in the presence or absence of a wide range of PG concentrations (from 0.01 to 1000 M) in single treatment.

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